mughal's+arts+and+letters


 * __Art__** flourished in the Mughal especially during Akbar's reign. Paintings were one of the major achievement of the Mughal Period because before than paintings have never been one of the great attainments of Indian culture. The reason behind this was that paper wasn't introduced to India until later part of 14th century from Persia, and before that they were traditionally done on palm leaves which really didnt have artisitic creativity. By 15th century transition from plam leaf to paper was made, stimulating a brust of creativity. The "Akbar Style" was used during this period, and it combined Persian and Indian motifs, and used extended space, portrayal of physical human action. Also Akbar encouraged imitation of european art forms, including the use of the portrayal of Christian subjects, the use of perspective, lifelike portraits, and the shading of colors in the renaissance style. This type of painting style outraged the Orthodox Muslims but Akbar argued that this would spread knowledge. So this style was used in "Akbarnama" ( " Book of Akbar" ) which narrated historical key event of his reign.

**__Architecture__** was undoubtedly the Mughals' most visible achievement. It integrated Persian and Indian styles in a new beautiful form. The monuments were decorated with geometric patterns, delcate stones, colored precious stones, and dazzling floral mosaics. the mughal architecture consisted of archs, domes, tower, indentures, and carvings. The buildings were tall and enormous and it showed the power of the Mughals. The Taj Mahal is the best symbol of their architecture work. It was built by the emperor Shah Jahan.

**__ Sculptures __** were rarely produced in the Mughals dynasty, and if there were some they were most likely found in Hindu temples.

**__Music__** was the traditions of South Asian classical music, and that beyond the classical forms, an extremely broad range of religious, folk, popular, and theatrical music may be found throughout contemporary.

examples of music types: - Hindustani music, which is practiced in the northern portion of India, as well as in Pakistan and Bangladesh, to some extent in Afghanistan as well. //- Carnatic// music, the classical tradition of the Southern states of India. - Dhrupad music which is the result of an extended interaction between two cultures — the Hindu Indian and the Muslim Perso-Turkish cultures — over a long period of time.

Music was an important part of a cultural- social-religious network. Later on the art of music shifted from a devotional context to a more performance style, being an important part of the system of imperial patronage. This reached the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great (1556-1605), under whose patronage the arts as practiced by both Hindu and Muslim artists flourished; for example, the singer Tansen was considered one of the nine jewels of his court. In Indian music, the voice is considered a music instrument and a melody carrier. It required great discipline and practice, and its propagated through oral traditon

__** literature **__ in indian w as held back durings the Mughals' Period due to the absence of printing which was introduced until the end of the Mughal Era. Literary works were inscribed by calligraphers. Poetry flourished under the Mughals, who established poet laureates at court. At frist poems were written in Persian style and language, and it became the official language of the court until 1739 when the Indians' anger mad their conquerors led them to adopt Urdu as the new language for the court and for poetry. Also Hindu's devotional literature that were dedicated to their gods. The retelling of the Ramayana in a Vernacular was culminated in the 16th century Hindi version by the great poet Tulsidas (1532-1623) called Ramcaritmanas and it made the 2,000 years old sanskrit ancestor in popularity next to the Presian and Urdu language.